Corticosteroids, commonly known as steroids or cortisone, are a class of hormones that regulate vital body functions. They affect carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, maintain the body’s water and electrolyte (salt and potassium, for example) balance, support normal heart and blood vessel function, influence mood and sleep patterns, and maintain normal muscle strength. Corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal glands, located just above the kidneys. Prescription corticosteroids are either identical to or a synthetic version of the adrenal hormones. They are given to either replace the body’s corticosteroids when the adrenal glands are diseased or suppress inflammation in diseases such as asthma and arthritis.
Corticosteroids are taken in many different dosage forms. Nasal dosage, eye dosage, topical (skin), and inhaler forms have been developed to deliver the corticosteroid directly to the affected area, which minimizes adverse effects.
Are these the same steroids that body builders use?
No, the steroids that body builders use are called "anabolic steroids". The steroids in prescription medicines, like prednisone and pulmicort are called "corticosteroids".
How do steroids cause psychosis (insanity)?
How steroids cause psychosis (insanity), is not known. However, it is believed to be similar to Cushing's syndrome, where the adrenal glands produce too much of the natural corticosteroids. Psychosis, induced by prescription steroids is very similar to psychosis in Cushing's syndrome. There can be mania, depression, delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, thoughts of suicide, homicide, etc. People with steroid-induced psychosis may need to be committed a mental hospital.
What other side effects can corticosteroids cause?
The list of side effects that corticosteroids can cause is lengthy.
psychosis
depression
hallucinations
mood swings
insomnia
euphoria
cataracts
glaucoma
stunted growth in children
osteoporosis
increased blood pressure
rounding of face
unusual bruising
thin, shiny skin
wounds that will not heal
muscle weakness
How long does steroid psychosis last?
The average time for steroid psychosis to resolve is between several weeks and about 7 months. However, in rare cases, it can take much longer (several years).
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